Because vampires seem so close to who we are and because they’ve been so humanized in recent years,many people ask “are vampires real or myth”?
To simply say no, as rational people would expect, is facile. That’s because among those who call themselves vampires today, the definition has changed. The myth involves the immortal creatures that thrive off blood, sleep in coffins, change into bats, and need an invitation to cross a threshold, yet few aside from moviegoers actually do think of vampires that way anymore.
A better question is, Could vampires exist? – and the answer might depend on such things as cellular structures, dark energy, and the drug DMT. In other words, on the mechanisms of the physical world.
Scientific explanations for vampires in fiction have ranged from a disease to an infection to the manifestation of an alien race. A vampire might be a doppelganger projected out from us and given autonomous life or the result of joining two incompatible creatures. The vampire’s origins, anatomy, and essential nature have been tackled in all forms of fiction. In Dracula Unbound, Brian Aldiss traced the vampire back to a reptilian race, while in Space Vampires (1976), Colin Wilson brought them in from outer space as life-sucking parasites. Richard Matheson offered the full range of vampire characteristics as manifestations of a bacterium, and Suzy McKee Charnas developed her vampire from an interest in the medical aspects of synthesized blood.
So here’s a brief summary of what I take the “science” part of the science of vampires to be. Scientific knowledge is acquired from relying on systematic, objective observation to make deductions and create formulas from established physical laws, and testing those deductions through articulated hypotheses and controlled experiments that afford replicable results. For example, if you notice on a number of occasions that you see a certain person (let’s call him the Subject)only after sunset and never during the day; that whenever he visits a certain other person, that person always seems weakened; and that the Subject always seems to have an earthy odor about him, you can now determine that there are certain apparent regularities about his behavior that are predictable. From that, you can set up a hypothesis to test about those regularities: if the Subject is a vampire and if these traits determine how a vampire behaves (notwithstanding the intrusion of other factors), the Subject will not deviate from these patterns.He will come out only after sunset, smell like dirt, and exert some weakening effect on the person he visits.
You may then continue to observe the patterns under more controlled conditions (but without intruding in a way that alerts the Subject to the conditions) and perhaps note that your initial observations were in error (sometimes he smells like dry cleaning fluid) or you may note even more regularities: the weakened person always looks pale,wears high-collared clothing, and acts defensive when questioned about the Subject’s visit. The Subject always grows nervous and excuses himself as dawn approaches. He avoids mirrors and refuses invitations to Italian restaurants. He won’t drink…wine.
Once you have some patterns established that support your hypothesis, and you lack patterns that contradict it, you can proceed to a more rigorous approach. If your experiment can’t be brought into the lab to control for all possible variables, the Subject must be carefully observed in different types of settings and under different conditions. That is, does the weather or season make a difference? Does he deviate from his patterns in a different country? It may also serve your purposes to have other people make observations to get objective agreement. Thus, we might approach the Subject in order to accomplish any of several things:
- determine causes of certain actions
- eliminate all possible explanations but one
- conceptualize a core essence (operational definition) from behavioral regularities
- define specific situations involving vampires, such as a crime scene
- predict what they might do now and in the future
In order to have a population for study, we use an operational definition, which I’ve offered above but will reiterate here. A vampire thrives off the life resources of others for his or her own benefit, even to the point of killing the host. Even the appearance of offering something only serves the vampire’s purpose; he or she does not give altruistically. Obviously, we can find plenty of real-life equivalent of vampire-like predators, notably serial killers, some of whom simply kill and others of whom offer something as enticement before killing. So now we must refine the definition, because while vampires might be serial killers of a sort, not all serial killers are vampires.
So should we say that all vampires drink blood? If we do, that leaves out a whole population of psychic vampires that thrive off the life force or chi energy of their prey, which apparently can be just as destructive as feeding off their blood.
Are all vampires charming and attractive? Not by a long shot. Look at the film Nosferatu. That creepy ratlike vampire would have a hard time getting a date. Stephen King’s vampire in ’Salem’s Lot likewise,as well as the Eastern European vampires central to early folk superstitions.
Do all vampires avoid the sun? No. Both Lord Ruthven and Varney,two of the early incarnations in literature, could walk in the daytime,as could Dracula, and this was before the multiple-factored sunscreens were invented. Yet it’s possible that certain strains of vampire cannot go into the sun without threat of annihilation.
How about the vehicle of vampirism? Can we speak of vampires as being animated corpses? Now we’re getting closer, because across cultures and most fictional representations, there seems to be consensus that the vampire is the Undead or the living dead. At one time this night creature was a person who died, and somehow it returned to life looking like that person and inhabiting the very same body.
Obviously we could go on and on with these traits, but the point is that we want to stay focused on stable features so we can say something about vampires from the perspective of science that will have broad applicability.